Git

Stash

Stash the changes in a dirty working directory away

• Show all saved points: git stash list

• Quickly stash current changes: git stash [push]

• Quickly unstash latest save: git stash pop

• Clear all saved stashes: git stash clear

• Save with a specific name: git stash save <name>

• Apply a specific stash: git stash apply <n>

  • where “n” is the stash@{n} you see after listing all stashes

Rebase

Make it look like your commit(s) were made on top of the latest head

• In the branch to be rebased: git rebase <rebase-on>

• Example, to rebase a featurex branch on main: git checkout featurex; git rebase main; git push -f origin featurex

• IMPORTANT! Do not rebase on shared public branches!

Manual Rebase

• If changed committed in latest commit: git reset --soft HEAD~1

• Stash working state: git stash

• Pull latest from upstream: git pull origin ...

• Pop working state: git stash pop

• Create a commit: git commit

• Force push: git push -f origin ...

Tags

Mark a point in commit history (useful for releases and such)

• Docs

• Create a tag (annotated)

  git tag -a v0.2 -m "Release v0.2"

  Note that simple git push does not push a tag to remote, must do something like:

  git push origin <tag>

• List tags

  git tag -l

• Show specific tag details

  git show v0.2

• Delete all branches except main and featurex

  git branch | awk '!/main|featurex/ { print $1 }' | xargs git branch -D

Submodules

Make a repository a subdirectory of another repository

• Docs

• Add a submodule

  git submodule add <sub-repo-link>

  Creates a .gitmodules file with path and url of submodules and adds a submodule in detached HEAD state

• Clone with submodules

  git clone --recurse-submodules <main-repo-link>

• If already clone but no submodules, do

  git submodule update --init --recursive

• Update submodules from remote

  git submodule update --remote [name]

• The ‘foreach’ command

  git submodule foreach 'git pull'

Worktrees

Make a directory for each working branch

• Useful when working on multiple branches, to avoid stash/pop unmerged paths confusion and work without disturbing other branches. Parallel branches ftw!

• Having multiple folders for each branch makes things easy for IDEs, compared to restructuring same folder multiple times

• IMPORTANT! Do not use with submodules

• Not essential but a better workflow is to start off with a bare repository and have one folder each for each branch:

  mkdir <repo>; cd <repo>
  git clone --bare <remote>
  mv <repo>.git .git
  git config remote.origin.fetch "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*"
  git fetch origin
  git worktree add <branch>

• Worktree commands help: git worktree help

Log

Git log can be used in conjunction with touch command to reset file timestamps to match their last motified times:

touch -d $(git log -1 --pretty="format:%ad" --date=format:'%Y-%m-%d%H:%M:%S' $file) $file

Maintenance

Run tasks to optimize Git repository data, speeding up other Git commands and reducing storage requirements for the repository.

~ git-scm.com/docs/git-maintenance

cd my-repository
git maintenance run